Hygiene and Health Coaching for Community Readiness to Perform the Hajj during an Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic.

In March 2020, WHO declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, which had a major impact on all mass gatherings (MG), including the Hajj. This has an impact for the government, as the party organizing the pilgrimage can make more mature preparations for a more optimal implementation of the pilgrimage. This study aimed to evaluate hygiene and health coaching for community readiness to perform the Hajj during an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. We used a mixed qualitative and quantitative method, in which the quantitative component used an analytic cross-sectional design with a questionnaire given to 2425 pilgrims, while the qualitative component was carried out through Focus Group Discussion. During the pandemic, all hygiene and health coaching, including guidance, was carried out in three types of distance learning, called "online", "offline (face-to-face)", and "combination". This study shows that face-to-face health coaching is low (50.5%), while online coaching is high (70.0%). The total fraction of pilgrims who participated in blended coaching sessions was 55.1%, and the highest frequency of coaching was under four times (38.7%). However, in its implementation, there is still no integration between programs. There is quite a lot of health information given to pilgrims, but the material still varies between regions. Information on guidelines for preventing and transmitting COVID-19 for officers and pilgrims has not been fully socialized. There exists an urgent need to establish messages that are clear, meaningful, empathetic, consistent, and in context in order to achieve health improvement of pilgrims.

Determinants of COVID-19 Knowledge, Perception and Attitudes in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Many countries, including Indonesia, were gravely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While younger people were rarely severely affected by an infection, they still served as important spreaders of the disease. Therefore, the knowledge, perception and attitudes regarding COVID-19 of a mostly younger population was assessed in this study using a quantitative survey and semi-structured questionnaire. Out of 15 questions on COVID-19, males answered fewer questions (-1.26) correctly. Persons reporting more diseases in the last year (+0.49 per disease) that lived in a central area of Indonesia, and that had a better socio-economic status defined through household condition scores, had better knowledge of the symptoms, causes of and measures against COVID-19. Better knowledge independently predicted more responsible attitudes and stated behavior. Knowledge and understanding should be enhanced through information campaigns targeted specifically towards men, persons with poor socio-economic backgrounds and those living in the periphery of the state.

Sunshine correlated with decreasing death outcome among COVID-19 patients: Pre-assuming vitamin D that triggered immunity

Previous decades sunshine was taken as medication therapy for respiratory infections as it triggered vitamin D in fostering body immunity. The objective of this brief study is to estimate the outcome of COVID-19 patients as they were exposed by sunshine exposure in those who were having care delivery in Surabaya referred hospitals Indonesia. We collected and analyzed the available COVID-19 data from hospital surveillance data from the local government of Surabaya data center including the Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency. Three outcomes of COVID-19 were investigated in this study: incidence death and recovery. The COVID-19 incidence in Surabaya was climbing over the period of investigation. Only the number of dead COVID-19 patients correlated significantly with sunshine exposure in those having care delivery in hospitals (p-value<0.01;r = -0.739). Our findings showed that sunshine correlated significantly with COVID-19s death outcome in Surabaya.

COVID-19 incidence rates decreased in ramadhan season during applied large-scale social distancing in Jakarta Indonesia

At the same time of COVID-19s transmission, Indonesia as the biggest Moslem population in the world was facing the holy month of the Ramadhan that contained more praying and religious traditional habits in mass gathering settings. As social distancing was implemented this study aims to present the difference between before and during Ramadhan with COVID-19 incidence rates while the implementation of large-sale social distancing (LSSD) was applied. This study was using the dataset which was obtained from COVID-19 reports from the authorities comprising the local government of Jakarta and the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The COVID-19 cases were studied in this research: incidence and suspect which were shown in daily rates with before and during Ramadhan while LSSD was applied in Jakarta Indonesia. There is a difference that happens significantly with the rate of positive confirmed patients before and during Ramadhan while LSSD (p-value = 0.049;mean difference = 33.310). This research presented that the rate of COVID-19 cases decreased during Ramadhan season as social distancing effective to control potential religious and traditional mass gathering in Jakarta Indonesia.

Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia.

This study aims to present the correlation between sunlight exposure and Covid-19 statuses in Jakarta, Indonesia. The secondary data analysis was derived from surveillance data for Covid-19 from government authorities, including the Ministry of Health, the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, and the local government of Jakarta. Three statuses related to Covid-19 were examined in the study: incidence, death, and recovered. Meanwhile, sunlight exposure was presented as daily duration of it. Only the number of recovered patients correlated significantly with sunlight exposure (p-value = .025; r = 0.350). This study's findings showed that sunlight exposure was associated with recovery from Covid-19.